3.118 \(\int \frac {3-x^2}{\sqrt {3-3 x^2-x^4}} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=92 \[ \sqrt {3+2 \sqrt {21}} F\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{2} \left (-5+\sqrt {21}\right )\right )-\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {21}\right )} E\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{2} \left (-5+\sqrt {21}\right )\right ) \]

[Out]

-1/2*EllipticE(x*2^(1/2)/(-3+21^(1/2))^(1/2),1/2*I*7^(1/2)-1/2*I*3^(1/2))*(6+2*21^(1/2))^(1/2)+EllipticF(x*2^(
1/2)/(-3+21^(1/2))^(1/2),1/2*I*7^(1/2)-1/2*I*3^(1/2))*(3+2*21^(1/2))^(1/2)

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.17, antiderivative size = 92, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 24, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.167, Rules used = {1180, 524, 424, 419} \[ \sqrt {3+2 \sqrt {21}} F\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{2} \left (-5+\sqrt {21}\right )\right )-\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {21}\right )} E\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{2} \left (-5+\sqrt {21}\right )\right ) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[(3 - x^2)/Sqrt[3 - 3*x^2 - x^4],x]

[Out]

-(Sqrt[(3 + Sqrt[21])/2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[Sqrt[2/(-3 + Sqrt[21])]*x], (-5 + Sqrt[21])/2]) + Sqrt[3 + 2*Sqrt[21
]]*EllipticF[ArcSin[Sqrt[2/(-3 + Sqrt[21])]*x], (-5 + Sqrt[21])/2]

Rule 419

Int[1/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]*Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*EllipticF[ArcSin[Rt[-(d/c),
2]*x], (b*c)/(a*d)])/(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c]*Rt[-(d/c), 2]), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[d/c] && GtQ[c, 0] &
& GtQ[a, 0] &&  !(NegQ[b/a] && SimplerSqrtQ[-(b/a), -(d/c)])

Rule 424

Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2]/Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^2], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Sqrt[a]*EllipticE[ArcSin[Rt[-(d/c)
, 2]*x], (b*c)/(a*d)])/(Sqrt[c]*Rt[-(d/c), 2]), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[d/c] && GtQ[c, 0] && GtQ[
a, 0]

Rule 524

Int[((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^(n_))/(Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)]*Sqrt[(c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_)]), x_Symbol] :> Dist[f/
b, Int[Sqrt[a + b*x^n]/Sqrt[c + d*x^n], x], x] + Dist[(b*e - a*f)/b, Int[1/(Sqrt[a + b*x^n]*Sqrt[c + d*x^n]),
x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, n}, x] &&  !(EqQ[n, 2] && ((PosQ[b/a] && PosQ[d/c]) || (NegQ[b/a] && (PosQ[
d/c] || (GtQ[a, 0] && ( !GtQ[c, 0] || SimplerSqrtQ[-(b/a), -(d/c)]))))))

Rule 1180

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4], x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}
, Dist[2*Sqrt[-c], Int[(d + e*x^2)/(Sqrt[b + q + 2*c*x^2]*Sqrt[-b + q - 2*c*x^2]), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c,
d, e}, x] && GtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && LtQ[c, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {3-x^2}{\sqrt {3-3 x^2-x^4}} \, dx &=2 \int \frac {3-x^2}{\sqrt {-3+\sqrt {21}-2 x^2} \sqrt {3+\sqrt {21}+2 x^2}} \, dx\\ &=\left (9+\sqrt {21}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-3+\sqrt {21}-2 x^2} \sqrt {3+\sqrt {21}+2 x^2}} \, dx-\int \frac {\sqrt {3+\sqrt {21}+2 x^2}}{\sqrt {-3+\sqrt {21}-2 x^2}} \, dx\\ &=-\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (3+\sqrt {21}\right )} E\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{2} \left (-5+\sqrt {21}\right )\right )+\sqrt {3+2 \sqrt {21}} F\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|\frac {1}{2} \left (-5+\sqrt {21}\right )\right )\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [C]  time = 0.17, size = 107, normalized size = 1.16 \[ -\frac {i \left (\left (\sqrt {21}-3\right ) E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|-\frac {5}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {21}}{2}\right )-\left (\sqrt {21}-9\right ) F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{3+\sqrt {21}}} x\right )|-\frac {5}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {21}}{2}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {2 \left (\sqrt {21}-3\right )}} \]

Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.

[In]

Integrate[(3 - x^2)/Sqrt[3 - 3*x^2 - x^4],x]

[Out]

((-I)*((-3 + Sqrt[21])*EllipticE[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[2/(3 + Sqrt[21])]*x], -5/2 - Sqrt[21]/2] - (-9 + Sqrt[21])*Ell
ipticF[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[2/(3 + Sqrt[21])]*x], -5/2 - Sqrt[21]/2]))/Sqrt[2*(-3 + Sqrt[21])]

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fricas [F]  time = 0.42, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ {\rm integral}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-x^{4} - 3 \, x^{2} + 3} {\left (x^{2} - 3\right )}}{x^{4} + 3 \, x^{2} - 3}, x\right ) \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x^2+3)/(-x^4-3*x^2+3)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

integral(sqrt(-x^4 - 3*x^2 + 3)*(x^2 - 3)/(x^4 + 3*x^2 - 3), x)

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giac [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \int -\frac {x^{2} - 3}{\sqrt {-x^{4} - 3 \, x^{2} + 3}}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x^2+3)/(-x^4-3*x^2+3)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate(-(x^2 - 3)/sqrt(-x^4 - 3*x^2 + 3), x)

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maple [B]  time = 0.09, size = 204, normalized size = 2.22 \[ \frac {18 \sqrt {-\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {21}}{6}\right ) x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {-\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {21}}{6}\right ) x^{2}+1}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {\sqrt {18+6 \sqrt {21}}\, x}{6}, \frac {i \sqrt {7}}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {18+6 \sqrt {21}}\, \sqrt {-x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3}}+\frac {36 \sqrt {-\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {21}}{6}\right ) x^{2}+1}\, \sqrt {-\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {21}}{6}\right ) x^{2}+1}\, \left (-\EllipticE \left (\frac {\sqrt {18+6 \sqrt {21}}\, x}{6}, \frac {i \sqrt {7}}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right )+\EllipticF \left (\frac {\sqrt {18+6 \sqrt {21}}\, x}{6}, \frac {i \sqrt {7}}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {18+6 \sqrt {21}}\, \sqrt {-x^{4}-3 x^{2}+3}\, \left (-3+\sqrt {21}\right )} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((-x^2+3)/(-x^4-3*x^2+3)^(1/2),x)

[Out]

36/(18+6*21^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1-(1/2+1/6*21^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)*(1-(1/2-1/6*21^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)/(-x^4-3*x^2+3)^(1/2
)/(-3+21^(1/2))*(EllipticF(1/6*x*(18+6*21^(1/2))^(1/2),1/2*I*7^(1/2)-1/2*I*3^(1/2))-EllipticE(1/6*x*(18+6*21^(
1/2))^(1/2),1/2*I*7^(1/2)-1/2*I*3^(1/2)))+18/(18+6*21^(1/2))^(1/2)*(1-(1/2+1/6*21^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)*(1-(1/2-1/
6*21^(1/2))*x^2)^(1/2)/(-x^4-3*x^2+3)^(1/2)*EllipticF(1/6*x*(18+6*21^(1/2))^(1/2),1/2*I*7^(1/2)-1/2*I*3^(1/2))

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maxima [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ -\int \frac {x^{2} - 3}{\sqrt {-x^{4} - 3 \, x^{2} + 3}}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x^2+3)/(-x^4-3*x^2+3)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

-integrate((x^2 - 3)/sqrt(-x^4 - 3*x^2 + 3), x)

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mupad [F]  time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.01 \[ \int -\frac {x^2-3}{\sqrt {-x^4-3\,x^2+3}} \,d x \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(-(x^2 - 3)/(3 - x^4 - 3*x^2)^(1/2),x)

[Out]

int(-(x^2 - 3)/(3 - x^4 - 3*x^2)^(1/2), x)

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sympy [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ - \int \frac {x^{2}}{\sqrt {- x^{4} - 3 x^{2} + 3}}\, dx - \int \left (- \frac {3}{\sqrt {- x^{4} - 3 x^{2} + 3}}\right )\, dx \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x**2+3)/(-x**4-3*x**2+3)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

-Integral(x**2/sqrt(-x**4 - 3*x**2 + 3), x) - Integral(-3/sqrt(-x**4 - 3*x**2 + 3), x)

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